Improvement in hydraulic machines



NJETERS. PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHER. WASHINGTON. D t:`

A'rnr nete..v

-Louis Bauman, on FRANCE.

IMPROVEMENT IN HYDRAULIC MACHEN-ES.

Specification forming part ol' Letters Patent No. *2,7 E ll, `dated July S, 1842.

T0 all whont 2i may concern.-

] l and 2 of drawings No. l,attached to the pat Be it known that I, LoUIs BRUMER, civil l ent ot' Mr. Bavard, and which may be substiengineer, a citizen of the Kingdom of France, butnow residing in the United States, have made a new and useful improvement in or addition to the Apparatus for Raising Vater from Vells and other Reservoirs, (for which apparatus Letters Patent of the United States were granted to Pierre Bavard under date of the 17th of December, 184.0, and which Letters Patent have been assigned to Eugene Ablon,

residing in the city ot' New York;`) and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description ot' my improvements on or addition to the said machine.

My improved apparatus or machinery is principally intended to take the place of that part ofthe apparatus described by the abovenamed Pierre Bavard which is denominated by him the hydraulic machine, and is, in fact, a newV and improved hydraulic machine involving principles of action not used in that of Mr. Bavard, and producing effects not attainable thereby.

y By means of my `improved hydraulic machine water may be raised in large quantities from mines or other places required to be drained; from rivers -or otherl sources for the supply of cities; from waters which are to be navigated by vessels, so as to be used as a propelling-power to such vessels, which last applieationthereot I have it in contemplation to secure by LettersPatent when I shall have determined the manner of arranging the machineryfor that purpose; and, in fine, I in tend to apply my improved apparatus in any situation where it is desired to raise water for any purpose whatever.

In Sheet A of the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a vertical section of a part of the combined apparatus through its center, or in the line Y Z of Fig. 2. This latter figure is a horizontal projection or plan of the same. In each of these figures the portion which is tinted red represents that part of Mr. Bavards I machine which I use, and which is employed lor the same purpose to which it was applied by him-namely, to the producing of that par" tial vacuum that is necessary to the properaction both of his and of my hydraulic machine. This red portion will be i'ound to be the same in all respects with that represented in Figs.

tuted by that modification thereof represented in Figs. l and 2 of drawing No. 2 in the same instrument. To this part `of the apparatus I make no claim asinventor, my right to use the same being derived from the assignee thereof. A

In the subjoined description I shall make referencev to the said Bavards apparatus; but for a more full detail of its construction and operation I refer to the lspeciiication thereof attached to the Letters Patent granted there,-

The paris not colored red in Sheet l of the accompanying drawings represent' the portion of the apparatus added thereto by me, for the purpose of partially condensing the steam which issues from `the steam apparatus of Mr. Bavard, and thereby greatly increases its effect. This condensing apparatus I will now proceed to describe. Y

B B is a reservoir of cold wat-er, to be supplied from any convenient source.

S represents the mouth of a pipeor tube for giving such supply.

I is a condenser surrounded by the coldl water iu B. Into this condenser a pipe or tube, U, leads :from the Bavard apparatus, admitting the mixed air and steam therefrom. The lower part of this tube is surrounded by a water-chest, X X', into which water is admitted from the reservoir B throughthe pipe K. The lower part of the pipe II-say from V to Vf-is perforated with a number of small holes, for the admission of water from the water-chest` X, which, entering in the form of a spray, is intended to condense the steam and cool` the air that was admitted with it into the condenser. rihis air, condensed steam, and injection-water are discharged in the following manner:

L is a pipe attached to the bottom ot the condenser, and recurvedso as to have at its outer end a valve, A, opening upward. As thew warm water accumulates in the tubeL, it will raise this valve, pass into the small rcservoi r l G, and escape through a pipe at I.

For the evacuation of the air and of any uncondensed steam there is a tube, B, leading directly i'rom the side of the condenser, and

- having avalve, E, opening upward, and this may be surmounted by a iiue, C', to conduct off the air and vapor.

The conjoint operation of the Ravard apparatus 'and of the condenser added by me is as follows: The steam being generated under apressure ot live atmospheres, and the cocks b and m of the'Ravard apparatus being closed, if the` cock bis opened-the steam admitted through the pipe l) will iiow out through the orice a, and, passing rapidly along the tube f, will carry with it the air ofthe eylinderfval and of the receiver k. The mercury in the manometer t will then rise to the height of about nineteen inches, and will stand there. On opening the cock on, the air will iiow in from the hydraulic machine through the pipe C C, which will exhaust it with great rapidity, ,f the air passing through the tube d into-the tube e, and thence into f, where it commixes with the steam, and escapes with it into the condenser T, -is there cooled and condensed, and escapes through the valves A and E, as above described. During this operation the mercury in the manometer t will attain a height of about thirteen inches, when it will become stationary, or nearly so, as the air continually supplied by the hydraulic machine will prevent its elevation. i l

In the condensing apparatus cold water is to be allowed to iiow in continuously through the pipe S into the reservoir R, and a portion ol' this will overiiow the pipe K and till the waterchest X X', From this the sm all streams passing into the condenser through the orifices between V V will cool the air, and condense the'greater part, if not the Whole, of the steam, producing a partial vacuum in the condenser. The effect of this will beto cause the mercury in the manometer to ri se to the height of about ,twenty-six inches. This augmented rarefaction will cause the iniinx of air through the tube d from the hydraulic apparatus to be greatly accelerated, and this accumulating in the condenser the pressure therein will soon exccedthat of the external air, andthe surplus water and air will be discharged through the valves A and Eas above indicated. These alternations of condensation and evacuation takeplace with great rapiditysay once in every second, or oftener.

The proportions between the various parts of Mr. Ravards machine as designated by him being preserved, a diameter of about live times that of the tubef should be given to the pipes B and L. The reservoir R may, if requisite, be supplied by a portion. of the water raised by the hydraulic machine. The amount of water discharged. through the orifices be- .tween V V in the pipe U may be varied; ybut it must be sufficient to effect the condensation of the larger portion of the steam. For an apparatus of the size contemplated less than il'our' hundred gallons in an hour would not answer the intention.

I will now proceed to describe the manner in which I construct my improved hydraulic machine which I have substituted for that 4 used by and described in the specification of Mr. Bavard. This improved machine is represented in Sheet No. 2 of 'the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1 is a horizontal projection or top view ot' the lower part of it, looking down upon it from a point just above the pipe R R in Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a horizontal plan ot' its upper part. Fig. 3 is a vertical section through the center of the whole machine, or in the lines A B and A B of Figs. 1 and2. Ifig. 4.- is a vertical section through a portion of th e lower part of the machine in the line C l) ol' F ig. l.

In each of these figures where the same parts occur they are designated by the same letters of reference.

F represents'a well or reservoir from which water is to be raised, and E a rising main dipping into said reservoir. y

G is a valve on the upper end of the pipe 'E opening upward.

Above the chamberI ,wit-hin which the valve G opens, the ascending pipe is divided into two branches,which rise parallel to each other, the main branch H H being continued up to the height to which the water. is to be raised. The second brauch, H H, leads into a cylindrical receiver, K K, with which it communicates by two openings, L and M, the latter being furnished with a valve, N,.. opening inward. The upper opening, L, is without a valve. The receiver K K is sustained upon a beam, Z Z, and the ascending pipe H H is also sustained on the same beam, being provided with an iron plate, c, cast upon it and strengthened by a collar or wings attached to it for that pn rpose.

top plate ofthe reservoir K K into the main ascending pipe H H, there being a number of small orices-say of one-fourth ofan inch in diam eter-bored th rou ghtheside ol' the pi pe H opposite the bore ofthe pipe It.

Through thciron plate a @,whichv forms the top of the receiver K K, thereare two other openings for the admission of air, and which are closed by two valves opening upward, as shown at Q Q.

\Vithin the receiver K K there is a metallic air-tight vessel, P, which constitutes a float that is to be borne up bythe water which is to' enter the receiver, and is by its upward pressure to open the valves Q Q and close the opening j', leading into the tube R, in a manner and for a purpose to be presently explained.

To enable the float to close the opening f, lead` ing into the pipe R, it is provided with 'a piece 'of leather coniined in place on its upper side by .a ring or otherwise and fitting against saidopening. The iioat is guided in its ascent and descent by two small rods, c c, Fig. 4l, which slide in cylindrical openings b I), attached to the iron plate a c.

S is a discharge-pipe leading from the lower end of the receiver K, and surmounted by a valve, T, opening upward, and having on its stema regulating-nut, d, by which its play It t isa pipeleading from the center of the 2,111 y l 7g3,

mayK-beIV gcverned. The main ascending pipe H'.-H' terminates in-` 'a receiver, O O, 4at the upperlpart of the Structure, and from this proceeds the discharge-pipe U U, the lower end of w-hich--isfurnished with a valve, V, opening outward and admitting the water to Vflow into the receiver X, from which it is conducted off by a pipe, Y. The pipeor tube C C is the same with that so marked on Sheet, No. 1, be-

ing that by which the air exhausted from the hydraulic apparatus by the action ofthe steam in the pneumatic apparatus is conducted thereto, as herein described.

The following is the manner in which the hydraulic machine operates: The air being sufficiently exhausted 'by the continuous action of the pneumatic apparatus, which will be indicated by the mercury in the manomcter s, drawing No. 1, rising to the height of about thirteen inches, the valve G will then be lnade to rise by the pressure of the column of water forced up by the atmospheric t pressuse from the well F, and said water will pass up simultaneously into the pipes H' and H. Vhen, in passing the latter, it has reached the tubulure or'opening M, it will open the valve N and vpass into the receiver. K K.

W'ithin this receiver, and also in the pipes H and H', it will continue to rise, keeping on the same level in each, until it arrives at the opening L, at which time the oat P will, from its buoyancy, be borne up against the lower stems of the air-valves Q Q, which valves it will consequently'raise, and at the same time stop the orifce'f of the pipe'R R, through which the air until then had been exhausted from thereceiverK. Theraising of the valves Q Q allows the air of the atmosphere to enter the receiver and to press upon the surface of the water in thepipe H, which it will force into the pipe H', constituting,with that which had previously entered said pipe, a column of about thirteen feet in height. From the rarefaction of the air in the receiver O, and the pressure of the atmospheric air upon lthis columnas it descends in the pipe H, it will be caused to ascend in the pipe H' with a velocity of about forty feet per second, by which it will be kept in an unbroken column, the air at this velocity not having the power to penetrate it. The column of water having been discharged into the receiver O will be followed by the column of air which had served to elevate it, and this air will then be err-l hausted from said receiver through the pipes C C by the continuous action of the pneumatic apparatus. Vhile the column of water is ascending in the pipe H', the water in the reservoir K will be in part discharged throughthe valve T, and the iioat P will consequently descend, the air-valves Q Q will be closed, and the apparatus prepared for a fresh ascension of a column of water. The .nut on the stem of the valve T admits of its being soregulated as that its action shall correspond with the motion of the rising column of water, allowing the valves Q Q to close at the instant,

sponding increase or decrease in the number ofactions in a given time is to be observed in any variation of this height. By dividing the. whole volume of water to be raised in one minute by the number of actionsof the machine inthe same time the quotient will give the volume to be raised in each repetition of this action. The diameter of a cylinder the height of which is thirteen feet and the solid contents of which shall be equal to the volume of water to be raised in each ascension will be the diameters which must be given to the interior 0f the pipes H andH. The diameter of the air-valves QQ should-"be about three-fourths that of the .fpipesH H'. The

float l? should have a diameter Vabout three and ahalf times that of the pipesH H', and its height should be about double its diameter. The diameter of the tube f of the pneumatic apparatus should be about one-third of that of the pipes H H'.

I am aware that air has been admitted into the ascending pipes of pumps, `and has been allowed to commingle with the water contained therein, whereby the column has been rendered of less specific gravityz, and could, therefore, be raised toa greater height by atmospheric pressure than in the ordinary lifting-pump; but this device has not been applied to any useful purpose, nor does itt-appear to be capable of such application. It differs also materially from my mode of forcing up a column of water by atmospheric' pressure, as in my apparatus it is forced up in an unbroken column, in consequence of its having acquired a momentum in its descent .in the pipe H which effectually prevents the passing of the air into the column or body of the water as it ascends in the pipe H'.

4Having thus fully described the nature of my improvements in the apparatus invented by Mr. Ravard for raising water, and shown the operations of the respective parts thereof,

,what I claim therein as new, and desire to se cure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combining of the condensing apparatus, substantially as herein described, with the pneumatic apparatus as used by Mr. Ravard, said condensing apparatus consisting of the reservoir R R, the condenser T, the tube U, surrounded by the water-chest X X', the exhaust-valves A and E, land their respective appendages or other devices equivalent thereto and producing the same results byA means substantially the same.

2. In the hydraulic apparatus, the manner of combining and arranging the twov pipes H and H with each other and with the receiver K K, Vand also of arranging the respective valves and pipes connected with saidreceiver, so as to be operated upon by the 'float l), and

of combining the whole togetherin such man-V ner as that the external air shall be admitted fully made known.

Witnesses:

-Tnos P. J oNEs,

E. ABLON.

L. BRUNIER. 

